Energy Policymaking under Crisis Conditions: The study and Analysis of Two Variables of Energy Intensity and Energy Consumption, Using a Data Mining Approach in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

Abstract

The study of energy consumption and energy intensity is of paramount importance, as these two variables provide a comprehensive picture of a country's energy status and play a key role in assessing energy efficiency and the sustainability of energy systems. These indicators not only reflect the level of energy consumption and efficiency but are also directly linked to achieving sustainable development goals, ensuring equitable access to energy, improving quality of life, and environmental protection. This research employs a data-mining approach to analyze energy intensity and energy consumption in Iran. World Bank time-series data from 1990 to 2023 have been used to identify energy consumption patterns and simulate their behavior under various conditions. A primary challenge of the study is the accurate selection of data, which directly impacts the validity of the results. For preprocessing, a missing data imputation technique based on autoencoders was utilized to complete missing data and standardize the dataset. Furthermore, distance-based and time-series similarity methods were employed to analyze data similarities and perform classification.
The findings indicate that Iran's energy intensity is dependent on environmental variables, natural resources, and social welfare. Analysis of total energy consumption also reveals that economic, environmental, and social factors, particularly fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, are influential. This research recommends that energy policymakers in Iran adopt a cross-sectoral and data-driven approach, incorporating economic, social, and environmental variables into their policy-making, so that they can realize optimized energy consumption management, reduce energy imbalances, and achieve sustainable development goals.

Keywords

References

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اقتصاد دفاع و توسعه پایدار
Volume 10, Issue 38
December 2025
Pages 139-175

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